Decision Analysis for Management Judgment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choice Analysis for Management Judgment - Essay Example Heuristics are straightforward and effective standards which are utilizing by the supervisors of an association when they will go to take any significant choice or making any judgment. There are three sorts of Heuristics and those are Availability Heuristic, Representative Heuristic, and Base-Rate Heuristic. Accessibility Heuristic assists with acquiring some arrangement or judgment mind effectively and settle on a choice in a basic manner. Agent Heuristic aides in an examination among data and mental models. Base-Rate Heuristic is a psychological alternate way which assists with settling on choices by utilizing likelihood (Gilovich, Griffin, and Kahneman, 2002, pp. 549-554). Thought of SMARTA far reaching plan ought to be made by the chief to accomplish work and actualize an arrangement in a savvy way. Difficult work is required yet in the current market situation, shrewd work is more required than the difficult work. Something else, there will be no worth just for difficult work. A t that point additionally a development of the association will be improved in a keen manner. The shrewd technique additionally can be utilized to set administration targets. Here ‘S’ implies explicit, ‘M’ for quantifiable, ‘A’ for feasible, ‘R’ implies reasonable and ‘T’ demonstrates time sensitive which is a lot of fundamental to set the best possible destinations of a business.Simulation can be clarified as a type of science. This logical instrument can be utilized in exploratory reason without introduction to chance. Some genuine elements and some great fundamental suspicions help to do this test.

Hospitality Principles of Marketing

Question: Examine about the Hospitalityfor Principles of Marketing. Answer: Brief Background of the Chosen Tourist Attraction The Sydney Opera House is probably the best making of the twentieth century. It was introduced in the year 1973. The house is probably the best model for the basic structure as well as the design, which is engaged with its creation. The innovativeness and development has discovered its articulate spot in its development. It includes three shells, which interlocks one another. Of the three shells, two rooftops are devoted for the exhibition lobbies and the staying one is for the eatery reason. It is named as a magnum opus of the twentieth century. This is a direct result of the way that it has unrivaled structure and plan. The mechanical inclusion in its development has placed this in the rundown of those, which have demonstrated their notable status for their building structure. Probably the greatest accomplishment for the house came in the year 2005 when it was remembered for the National Heritage List under the oversight of Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1 999 (Center, 2017). SWOT Analysis Qualities Most noteworthy of all the showy structures that consolidates the visual expressions, dramatization and music Experience is incredible, which is somewhere down in enthusiastic dramatic experience It has four significant drama organizations including the national lead Company Opera Australia Aesthetic norms and the creation estimations of the previously mentioned four organizations are up to a higher degree, a reality, which is recognized globally All the four significant organizations are occupied with overseeing youthful specialists by giving a few sorts of preparing and open doors for execution This is a solid move for the more youthful age as this gives chances to the formation of increasingly youthful artists Shortcomings Accessibility of best artists in Australia is intense in the present circumstance as the greater part of the best artists lean toward going to Europe for having better open to an enormous gathering of crowd This encourages them in acquiring a major sum just as a decent acknowledgment, which would have been constrained by being in Australia as it were The issue can be alluded to a Catch-22 circumstance that features the inaccessibility of extraordinary vocalists only for having great introduction to the world crowd as this is fundamental for the improvement of believability Behind the stage offices are testing Quality instrumental sound is absent Preparing offices are of lower standard in the event that it is contrasted and some remote areas, for example, the United States and the United Kingdom Absence of assets is a difficult that hampers the advancement of new expressions and works Absence of broadcasting in all type of media, for example, radio, TV and other potential media Unable financing has brought about the above issue Needs proficient improvement during the essential time frame in the middle of the tertiary preparing and verbal development Openings In spite of a few shortcomings, it has openings going to its way as cooperation with various sponsored show organizations Teaching open on the financing for the sponsored performing is making open doors for the subsidizing related issue, which is additionally liable for the less improvement of new artists and craftsmen Social the travel industry is another open door for the Opera as it draws in a large number of worldwide and national guests Dangers Shortage of subsidizing Absence of expert turn of events Interest of best vocalists in some different pieces of world Table 1: SWOT investigation of Opera house, Sydney Source: (Created by Author) The Opera House of Sydney is one of the best engineering in this world. This is a direct result of its building structure. In any case, the house is tested by certain elements as of late. It needs adequate financing, which is additionally hampering the expert advancement of new specialists and artists. It additionally needs the behind the stage offices and the accessibility of value vocalists, as they lean toward some different areas, for example, Europe. Be that as it may, openings are shaping towards its way as it is occupied with joint effort with some financed show organizations. All the more significantly, it is pulling in a mass investment of both the household and the worldwide sightseers, which is useful for the economy of Australia. To be sure, it is acceptable likewise for the Opera House, as it would produce essential improvement related mindfulness into the neighborhood government (Musicinaustralia.org.au, 2017). Target Profile The objective clients are the individuals who love expressions and music. The incredible artists and craftsmen are likewise the objective clients of the Opera House. In any case, household and outside voyagers are one of the most focused on profiles of the House (Gibson Connell, 2012). References Focus, U. 2017. Sydney Opera House. [online] Whc.unesco.org. Accessible at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/166 [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017]. Gibson, C., Connell, J. (2012).Music celebrations and provincial improvement in Australia. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Musicinaustralia.org.au. (2017). SWOT Analysis of Opera - Music in Australia - Knowledge Base. [online] Available at: https://www.musicinaustralia.org.au/index.php/SWOT_Analysis_of_Opera [Accessed 13 Apr. 2017].

Coping With Borderline Disorder Embarrassment and Shame

Coping With Borderline Disorder Embarrassment and Shame BPD Print Coping With Borderline Disorder Embarrassment and Shame By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 24, 2020 Ryuichi Sato / Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Many people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience intense and chronic shame, a self-conscious emotion associated with a sense of worthlessness, self-contempt, or self-loathing. Shame may in part explain the high rates of self-harm and suicidal behavior in people with BPD.?? What Is Shame? We use the word all the time, but what exactly is shame? Shame is considered one of the self-conscious emotions; it is an emotion that relates to our behavior or self, often in relation to other peoples opinions. Other self-conscious emotions include embarrassment and guilt. Although the lines between these emotions have been conceptualized in different ways, one way to think about this is that shame is different than embarrassment or guilt because we experience these two emotions in relation to our behavior, whereas shame is an emotion that relates directly to our sense of self. To understand this distinction, lets use the example of an impulsive act that some people with BPD struggle with shoplifting. Imagine that, on impulse, you shoplifted something from a store. Even if no one found out about the shoplifting, you may experience guilt, a feeling that you have done something that is wrong. If someone did find out about your behavior, you might experience embarrassment, the feeling you get when other people find out you have done something that violates social norms. Shame, on the other hand, is a feeling that you are bad or worthy of contempt. It is not necessarily about a specific behavior or event  but is a feeling of being inadequate as a person. You may feel shame after shoplifting, but shame carries with it an additional judgment. BPD and Shame Many people with BPD experience pervasive and chronic shame, regardless of their behavior.?? This has lead researchers to believe that shame may distinguish BPD from other mental health disorders. For example, a study from 2007 found that women with BPD and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were not more shame-prone than women who only had BPD.?? These findings suggest that shame-proneness could be specifically related to BPD rather than co-occurring trauma-related symptoms. Other studies seem to support this suggestion.?? Research on the role of shame in BPD has shown that women with BPD report more shame-proneness compared to women who did not have BPD, as well as compared to women with other mental health disorders such as depression and social anxiety, and to women who did not have a mental illness (healthy controls).?? The Relationship Between Shame, Self-Harm, and Suicide In addition to growing research that shows a connection between BPD and shame, a number of experts have suggested a connection between shame and deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts.?? Shame may also precede episodes of deliberate self-harm. Self-reported feelings of shame and self-disgust have been associated with suicide threats and thoughts in people with several mental health conditions, including BPD.?? Research has also demonstrated that women with BPD who expressed more shame when talking about their self-harm behaviors were more likely to self-harm in the future.?? Reducing Shame While it is well-known that intense emotional pain is generated by feelings of shame associated with BPD, there are not yet effective treatments directly aimed at reducing shameful feelings. Researchers concede that more studies are needed to prove that reducing shame can reduce self-harm urges in people with BPD.?? Some preliminary research indicates that the Dialectical Behavior Therapy  skill of Opposite Action may help reduce shame about specific events for some people with BPD.?? Unfortunately, people who experience high levels of shame may also feel motivated to hide their feelings because they are afraid of judgment. In turn, that secrecy can prevent them from receiving the treatment they need. If you or a loved one has BPD and is dealing with feelings of shame or having suicidal thoughts, its imperative to share these feelings with a therapist or another qualified mental health professional that you can trust.

Earning an Education in Business Accounting 2019

Maybe its just casual observation, but many times it seems that the small businesses that are troubled are businesses that find their accounting procedures to be drudgery or a mystery or both. Many times, financial crises in small businesses appear seemingly out of nowhere because the financial tracking system either isnt there or isnt functioning. Conversely, successful businesses use their accounting systems as tracking tools to anticipate problems like cash flow issues and use them also as analytical tools. A good accounting system in the hands of a businessman who knows what acceptable cost levels are is the most accurate planning device there is. Many times, small business that are founded with the family checkbook and become rapidly successful can have a difficult transition into professional business keeping. For entrepreneurs who either want to keep the accounting in house or cant afford to outsource it, a rapid education in business accounting is in order. .ub69c6885585ae92433f53cf89713c63f { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ub69c6885585ae92433f53cf89713c63f:active, .ub69c6885585ae92433f53cf89713c63f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ub69c6885585ae92433f53cf89713c63f { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ub69c6885585ae92433f53cf89713c63f .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ub69c6885585ae92433f53cf89713c63f .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ub69c6885585ae92433f53cf89713c63f:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Business Administration Schools OnlineGeneral ledgers? Depreciation? Inventory? Balance Sheets? Income Statements? TAXES? When these strange and ominous terms surface as a home venture becomes a going concern, the newly minted CEO needs to do some reading on the basics. Problems of success are nice problems to have, but problems nonetheless. One of the most comprehensive and time-efficient methods of becoming a good business accountant is pursuing an online course of study. The primary focus of most online colleges is continuing education. That can mean starting a college education from scratch or it can mean continuing education for people brushing up on new developments in their profession. Either way, the schools primarily serve people who have entered the workforce and want to move up the ladder or who need to acquire a new skill in a big hurry such as our entrepreneur with a booming business and no books. Accounting can be a reliable and rewarding profession on its own. It can also lead to more advanced financial management opportunities with further education. Both can be achieved through online education. .ucc3cff9e1a35db725425de2ac30a61f1 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ucc3cff9e1a35db725425de2ac30a61f1:active, .ucc3cff9e1a35db725425de2ac30a61f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ucc3cff9e1a35db725425de2ac30a61f1 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ucc3cff9e1a35db725425de2ac30a61f1 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ucc3cff9e1a35db725425de2ac30a61f1 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ucc3cff9e1a35db725425de2ac30a61f1:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Business Practices and TheoryKaplan University offers an associates degree in business administration with specialization in accounting. They also have a bachelors degree available in accounting. Also included in their curricula are degrees in e-business, finance and just plain business. You can choose the level of your immediate needs, or you can opt for an educational improvement that will take you a few rungs up the ladder of your choice. CDI College does not offer formal degrees in any subject, but they offer course work leading to certification in a number of areas. In each of their areas of concentration, they have certificate training in very specific categories. For accounting, a partial list of their choices includes: Accounting and Computer Applications Accounting and Payroll Business Applications Specialist/Computerized Accounting Computerized Accounting Microcomputer Business Applications Accounting These are courses that can be taken in a matter of months. They can move an entry level employee from receptionist into the controllers office, or can give a new and overwhelmed businessman the tools to get his enterprise under control. For a more comprehensive education in business accounting, University of Phoenix Online offers both a bachelors and an MBA in accounting. Every level of business accounting training and education can be found out on the internet. Related ArticlesSmall Business Management and Accounting SoftwareWebsites Helping Small BusinessConsulting in the Human Resources FieldSmall Business Accounting Software from MicrosoftA Bachelors Degree in Computer Science Increases Competitiveness for Computer Programming JobsA Doctor of Business Administration Degree Unlocks the Door to the Global Economy .ude68f1eb00aec640eecf27bfd58b4626 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ude68f1eb00aec640eecf27bfd58b4626:active, .ude68f1eb00aec640eecf27bfd58b4626:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration: none; } .ude68f1eb00aec640eecf27bfd58b4626 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ude68f1eb00aec640eecf27bfd58b4626 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ude68f1eb00aec640eecf27bfd58b4626 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ude68f1eb00aec640eecf27bfd58b4626:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Master of Science Nursing Program Offers 5 Popular Specialties

Argument Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About

Argument Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About The Ideal Strategy to 50 Argument Essay Topics Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. Your readers will need to observe the entire picture, and that's what you should concentrate on. Therefore, for your coursework, you're want to have the very best ideas. Our crew of professional writers with the required experience and writing skills is always prepared to fulfill your demands and exceed your expectations. The writer can offer examples, facts, and evidence to show their points. It is crucial to begin with demonstrating the principal idea of the entire piece so you and your readers are going to be on the identical page. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. In your essay, you wish to consider about the way the opposition would react to your claims and respond to them. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. It requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. A superior argumentative essay is going to be based on established or new research in place of only on your ideas and feelings. By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. A complete topic for a synthesis paper is one which encourages you to have a stance on a debatable iss ue. It's not unusual that lots of students don't understand how to construct their lines of argumentation since they need good argumentative essay topics first. What to Expect From 50 Argument Essay Topics? You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. Since you may see, the process is everywhere the same. No matter what kind of essay you write you must be mindful of the subject and to gain that knowledge you must research well. Share your own personal experience because there is not any greater method of connecting with a reader. The reader ought to be impressed by how you defend your ideas. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good idea to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. The introduction should offer general information which will be included in the write-up. When you must select from the wide variety of argumentative essay topics, attempt to locate the issue that's relevant thinking about the present circumstance. You've got freedom to select your own topic now! Questions are a standard method of getting interest, together with evocative language or a strong statistic Don't assume your audience is already knowledgeable about your topic. The student should investigate a topic, evaluate evidence, collect, generate, and set a standpoint on the subject in a powerful and concise way. The History of 50 Argument Essay Topics Refuted It's not sufficient to settle on a topic which everybody agrees on. Therefore, the topic ought to be debatable! It must be interesting, the topic must be essential and finally the topic must be informative. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it.

Be Happier by Consuming Less Free Essays

Andres Martinez Garcia Section 1010 03/18/13 Prof. Cheryl L. Flanigan Essay 2 Be Happier by Consuming Less Consumerist is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever greater amounts. We will write a custom essay sample on Be Happier by Consuming Less or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the American consumption, people do not know how much is enough, do we really need all we buy? Or we just buy it because everyone else has it? Does it make us any happier? In the article â€Å"The New Politics of Consumption: Why Americans Want So Much More That They Need† Juliet Schor shares with us her point of view about American Consumption. In Schor’s article says, â€Å"The average American now finds it harder to achieve a satisfying standard of living than 25 years ago† (411). Also that â€Å"The competitive consumption, the idea that spending is in large part driven by a comparative or competitive process in which individuals try to keep up with the norms of the social group with which they identify as a reference group† (412). Finally she believes that â€Å"Low income children are more likely to be exposed to commercials at school, as well as home† (413). Our personal consumer choices have ecological, social, and spiritual consequences. Much of what we purchase is not essential for our survival or even basic human comfort but is based on impulse, a momentary desire, and there is a hidden price that we, and future generations will pay for it too. The American economy’s ultimate purpose is to produce more consumer goods, not better health care, education, housing, transportation, but to provide more stuff to consumers. First, in Schor’s article she says, â€Å"The average American now finds it harder to achieve a satisfying standard of living than 25 years ago† (411). Nowadays people have to work longer hours than 25 year ago, to be able to pay all their desires. Having more and newer things each year has become not just something we want but something we need. The idea of more, ever increasing wealth has become the center of our identity, and this looks like an addiction. For example, my aunt Maria works 5 days a week to be able to pay all her bills and sometimes does overtime. She might have a lot of new and cool things, but she doesn’t even have time to enjoy all these things because she has to be working just to pay all she has. My aunt has a salary of $9. 25 per hour and getting a check of $740 biweekly which she have to use to pay her car $200, plus her phone $85, personal stuff $150, and the list keep going. I have worked 40 hours a week, going to classes full-time with little satisfaction. Without working that long, I am less stressed, and I prefer to learn how to spend less money, than spending more, and live stressed all the time. People should take more responsibility for themselves and their families and think outside of the box when it comes to life. Working less hours and buying fewer products is a good way to start. Also, Schor says, â€Å"The competitive consumption, the idea that spending is in large part driven by a comparative or competitive process in which individuals try to keep up with the norms of the social group with which they identify as a reference group† (412). People try to be in the same level that everyone else; if they see that somebody bought something, they will try to have that, just because that person has it. An example is the iPhones people are obsessed with them. The first iPhone was the 3G, then 3GS, 4, 4S, and the 5 that is the last one that just came out. All of these iPhones do almost the same functions; they just changed the size, and some other little things. People spend a lot of money buying the iPhones; the prices are between $300 and $500. The point is that people want to keep up with the newest things, just because other people will have it. For example, my cousin Heysus who is 23 years old, have been buying all the iPhones, because all his friends have them, and whenever came a new iPhone, he ordered it immediately to keep up with what his friends have. Another point is that people with less income, tend to watch more TV, in Schor’s article says, â€Å"Low income children are more likely to be exposed to commercials at school, as well as home† (413). Television and marketing are a big influence of how people spend their money. We watched an example of it in the movie of Super-Size Me, of how the companies spend a lot of their money on marketing, because they know that people is going to buy their products. We need to make people conscious about the problem that we all have as a society. Without our consumer impulse to buy the newest, coolest things on the market, there would be no market. People should think more about what they buy, and should not do unnecessary purchases I think that some people keep worrying more about what they can buy, and how they can have better and newest things instead of be worrying about how they can live happier, and less stressed. An individual does not necessarily have to live as a rich person to be happy. The thought of shorter hours working is a wealth of opportunity and adventure that no Disneyland or Las Vegas vacation can offer. It is actually stress-free and can help us to have time to more valuable parts of our life, like having more time to spend with our family and friends. Finally, as a student that works and studies at the same time, I have to be a smart consumer. I ask myself what I need and what I really don’t. Why do I need a car? Is it necessary to have a laptop when we have a library full of computers? We all need to learn that how to spend our money in a better way, and know that we do not need to have the newest and coolest things that the market offer us to be happy. As we saw in the article â€Å"The New Politics of Consumption: Why Americans Want So More That They Need† Juliet Schor shares with us her point of view about American Consumption. In Schor’s article says â€Å"The average American now finds it harder to achieve a satisfying standard of living than 25 years ago† (411). Also that â€Å"The competitive consumption, the idea that spending is in large part driven by a comparative or competitive process in which individuals try to keep up with the norms of the social group with which they identify as a reference group† (412). Finally she believes that â€Å"Low income children are more likely to be exposed to commercials at school, as well as home† (413). We need to learn that how to be a smart consumer, and do not spend more of what we can afford. Works Cited Schor, Juliet. â€Å"The New Politics of Consumptions: Why Americans Want So Much More Than They Need. † Searching For Causes. New York: Harper. 1999. 410-414. Print. â€Å"Consumption. † Wikipedia. Web. 26 Feb. 2013. Super Size Me. Dir. Morgan Spurlock. Perf. Morgan Spurlcok , Daryl Isaacs. 2004. DVD. How to cite Be Happier by Consuming Less, Essay examples

The Causes and Effects of Child Abuse Essay Example

The Causes and Effects of Child Abuse Essay Day by twenty-four hours the safety and good being of some kids across the state are threatened by kid maltreatment and disregard. Child maltreatment is making injury to child intentionaly or non provides the indispensable demands for the kid. Abuse kid can be in physical, emotional, sexual in signifier or disregard. Each signifier has its different features. Causes of child maltreatment can be parents causes, ecological causes or child jobs. Parents causes involves parent who have background of emotional want, unaware of difference between subject and maltreatment, and isolated from the community. Teenage or individual parent besides can harm their kids because they lack experience in raising kids. Ecological causes which are related the environment surround the kid. For illustration, poorness, overcrowding, substance maltreatment, and jobs in matrimony. Child causes include child disablement and demand of particular demands. Child maltreatment has great impact on kid s life, damagi ng a childaa‚Â ¬a„?s ego regard, ability to hold healthy relationships, and ability to map at place, at work and at school. We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes and Effects of Child Abuse specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes and Effects of Child Abuse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Causes and Effects of Child Abuse specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Causes and Effects of Child Abuse Child maltreatment is one of the major issues that bring the attending of full state. Several organisations formed because it is non merely an person or familial job. It takes different signifiers, physical or psychological ill-treatment of kids. Harmonizing to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) define child maltreatment as any act or series of Acts of the Apostless of committee or skip by a parent or other health professional that consequences in injury, possible for injury, or menace of injury to a kid ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/violanceprevention/pdf/CM-FactSheet-a.pdf ) The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act ( CAPTA ) define child maltreatment and disregard as any recent act or failure to move on the portion of a parent or caretaker who result in decease, serious physical or emotional injury, sexual maltreatment or development ( What is Child Abuse and Neglect, 2008, para.2 ) . Every twelvemonth 1000000s of kids suffer from different type of kid maltreatment. Most child maltreatment consequences from effort to penalize or command the kid. Parents try to penalize their kids when they are making something incorrect and to avoid botching the kid, but these efforts will increase to bring forth physical injury to the kid. Therefore we have to separate between physical subject and physical maltreatment. The most common manner to separate physical penalty from maltreatment is by the presence or absence of physical hurt. It is of import to acknowledge that most parents do non desire to crush their kids. Virtually all parents feel regret after such an incident and most believe physical penalty is non an effectual path to increase conformity, larning or regard for the parent ( Durrant, 1996, p.186 ) . In 2001, an estimated 3 million kids were reported to province Child Protective Service ( CPS ) bureaus as suspected victim of maltreatment and disregard. One million kids were confirmed victim of ill-treatment ( physical maltreatment, disregard, sexual maltreatment, medical disregard, psychological maltreatment, other maltreatments ) , with another 4 million involved in referrals to Child Protective Services ( National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information, 2003a ; 2003b ) . Three fourths of the culprits were health professionals, and an extra one ten percent were relations. However, merely about one half of the kid maltreatment and neglect study are investigated nationally, and on mean merely about tierce of the probe find grounds of kid maltreatment and disregard ( Potts A ; Mandleco, 2007, P 1208 ) . Some people believe that the kid abused by stringers merely, but the truth that the kid can be abused by parent, a friend of parent, vicinity, or even a household m ember. This essay paper on the causes and effects of kid maltreatment will include types of kid maltreatment and clinical manifestation can be seen in each type, causes and effects of kid maltreatment. There are four signifiers of kid maltreatment that is neglect, physical maltreatment, emotional maltreatment and sexual maltreatment. The most common signifier of kid maltreatment is neglect. Harmonizing to Longman dictionary neglect is pay deficient attending to, or ignore . It means parents or health professionals fail to supply the of import demands for their kids. Neglecting the kid can be noticed if the kid deficiencies of hygiene, dresses apparels which is dirty, old, and inappropriate for age and conditions, often absents from school, ever ill and no medical aid provided, malnourished and isolated from others. These marks of disregard are largely observed by people who are ever with close contact to child like the instructor, physicians, nurses and neighbors. They are often the 1s who notice, fishy and study kid disregard. Disregard has three signifiers which are physical disregard, emotional disregard and educational disregard. Physical disregard is the most abuse noticed a mong kids. Physical disregard can be seen in many ways for illustration if the parent non provides supervising, repetition shuttling of kid from one family to another for a twenty-four hours or hebdomad at a clip, non supplying equal nutrient for their kids, apparels, house, non seeking medical attention for a serious wellness job or non giving the kid his intervention. Emotional disregard includes inattention to child s demand of fondness and emotional support, expose kid to extreme spousal maltreatment, allowing the kid to utilize drugs and imbibe intoxicant, garbage of medical aid for kid with psychological jobs and using high outlook that is inappropriate for kid s age and degree of development. Educational disregard can be if the parent refuses to inscribe the kid in school, failure to supply the indispensable acquisition demands and let frequent absence from school. The 2nd type of kid maltreatment is physical maltreatment which is the most clear and has a immense physical consequence on the kid. Physical maltreatment should ever be suspected when there is an hurt that can non be explained, or when the history provided is incongruous with the physical findings or the kid s developmental degree. Intuition should besides be aroused when the health professional claims the hurt was self-inflected, inflected by a sibling or when there is a hold in seeking medical services ( Potts A ; Mandleco,2007, P 1211 ) . There are certain clinical manifestations can be observed in kids who are abused physically which is unexplained contusions or wales that appear in assorted phases of mending frequently in clustered forms that reflect the forms of the articles used to bring down hurt, unexplained Burnss particularly on the colloidal suspensions, thenars, back, or annular ( on natess or genitalias ) , unexplained breaks to the skull, nose, or facial construct ion ; multiple or coiling break ; or disruptions and legion break in assorted phases of healing and bald spots on the scalp ( Ashwill A ; Droske, 1997, P 1287 ) . A 3rd type of kid maltreatment is emotional maltreatment. Among all different kid maltreatment, emotional maltreatment is the hardest type to place. Harmonizing to American Humane, Emotional maltreatment of a kid is normally defined as a form of behavior by parents or health professionals that can earnestly interfere with a kid s cognitive, emotional, psychological, or societal development ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.americanhumane.org/aboutus/newsroom/fact-sheets/emotional-abuse.html ) . Emotional maltreatment occur when parents disregarding and mortifying the kid, insulating the kid from the household, verbally assailing the kid, endangering the kid, rejecting kid s value and petition, seting higher outlook on the kid and exposing the kid to household or community force. The clinical manifestations which can be observed on a kid who is emotionally abused are speech jobs, slowdowns in physical development, failure to boom and hyperactive or disruptive behavior. The last type of kid maltreatment is sexual maltreatment which is the least often reported of kid maltreatment. Harmonizing to ( Potts A ; Mandleco,2007 ) Sexual maltreatment is defined as exploitative sexual act ( s ) imposed on a kid who lacks the emotional, cognitive, or maturational development to cover with the actions ( Giardino, Brown, A ; Giardino, 2003 ) . Sexual maltreatment can be in different ways which are coercing the kid to prosecute in sexual activities, exposing the kid genitalias, sexual contact with the kid, incident exposure of genitalias to a kid, and physical contact to child genitalias. Everybody believes that the misss are more frequently abused sexually, but the fact that both misss and male childs are sexually abused. Surveies have shown those sexual maltreatment victims are normally between 6 and 9 old ages of age. Ashwill made it clear that kids will demo some physical marks such as difficulty walking or posing, torn, stained or bloody underclothing, h urting, swelling or itchiness of genitalias, hurting on micturition, contusions, shed blooding or lacerations affecting the external genital organ, vagina, or anal country and inordinate onanism ( Ashwill A ; Droske, 1997, P 1289 ) . Understanding causes of kid maltreatment is of import to turn to the job in order to forestall it. Specialists and experts who evaluated a bused kid s environment and household background have come out with three causes for kid maltreatment which are parental causes, ecological causes and kid jobs. Parental causes include parents who are really immature and deficiency of experience of taking attention for kids are more likely to pretermit kid s demand. For illustration ; teenage parent or individual parent neer learned the accomplishments necessary for good parenting. Although, parents who suffer many jobs and they can non command their choler which will bring down their kids by mistreating them physically. On the other manus, parents who were abused when they were kids are more likely to mistreat their ain kids excessively. It is similar rhythm of force and maltreatment. Besides, some parents raise their kids same the manner as they rose even if parents were abused. Some parents non distinguish subject from maltreatment which lead to physically mistreat their kids in order to learn them the right things. Parents who physically abuse their partners can besides mistreat their kids. At same clip, parents who suffer from mental upset, anxiousness or depression can non take right determination for themselves, either for their kids. Ecological causes involve mistreating drug and intoxicant by parents. Parents who are drunk they can non believe decently for the demands of their kids. Besides they are unrealistic in their behaviour which can take to mistreat their kids without even experiencing that they are making so. Some surveies show that poorness drama major function in mistreating kids. As the parents face fiscal troubles, they can non supply kid s demand. Besides, those parents normally isolated and deficiency of societal support. On the other manus, if twosomes have job in their matrimony that may bring down their kids emotionally. Some parents are cognizant they are maltreating a kid but are unable to halt. Other opprobrious parents literally hate kids or are disgusted by them. The kid s demand, wateriness, shouting, or dirty nappies are intolerable to the parent. Abusive female parents tend to believe their kids are deliberately raging them. In many instances, troubled parents expect the kid to love the m and do them happy. When the kid can non run into such unrealistic demands, the parent react with deadly angry. Such parents are more likely to physically mistreat their kids ( Coon, 2004, p 154 ) . Child jobs include disabled kids. Lovingness of kid with particular demands is hard and need household and community support. Some parents ignore the demands for the kid which lead to mistreating kid s rights. All types of kid maltreatment regardless the causes ; impact the kid by some manner. The effects of kid maltreatment vary depending on the type of kid maltreatment. Some of these effects are physical and other are emotional or psychological. Surveies show that sexual and emotional maltreatment has the major impact on kid. Effectss can be classified to short term effects and long term effects. Short term effects can easy observe and the marks of mistreating show in short period. For illustration ; lesion, Burnss or break that occur after physical maltreatment, which healed after seeking medical intervention. Child will demo some sexual behaviours include sexual drama with dolls. Child will be aggressive, fright of parents, fright to travel place, and isolated from public. Child will contend to other pupil in category. Child may hold trouble in address and can non show feelings. Child who has been abused by his parent will non swear them to supply physical and emotional demands, which finally lead to deficiency of trust to other people in the community. Long term effects are marks that hard to observe at beginning of mistreating incidents and will come on with the developmental procedure of the kid which lead it to happen after long clip. Almost it will happen in grownup age if kid did non seek medical aid. For illustration ; the grownup will hold trouble to set up normal relationships with other. Adult survive from kid maltreatment, can hold unexplained marks of fright, anxiousness and depression. Adult subsister of sexual maltreatment can mistreat other kids which is the rhythm of mistreating. Besides the grownup may endure from sexual familial disease. The grownup will hold trouble to show feeling, and may turn to substance maltreatment ( intoxicant or drugs ) . The grownup may try to suicide. To sum up, kid maltreatment is world-wide job impacting kids from birth to 18 old ages of age. There are different types for kid maltreatment which is neglect, emotional maltreatment, physical maltreatment, and sexual maltreatment. There are three chief causes for kid maltreatment which is parent causes, ecological causes, and kid jobs. Based on causes many effects can be observed on the kid which affect kid emotionally, physically and societal development. In my sentiment observing the early marks of maltreatment will stop farther injury to child, better opportunity for recovery, and appropriate intervention will be provided for the kid. Since the household is the nucleus of love and attention for the kid, it is of import to convey their attending and highlight the causes and effects of kid maltreatment, so they can play important function in halting the affair. Therefore, proper consciousness of the community plays an of import function in forestalling this job from traveling farther.

Fifty Shades of Grey Book Review Essay Sample

Fifty Shades of Grey Book Review Essay Sample Fifty Shades of Grey Book Review Essay Example Fifty Shades of Grey Book Review Essay Example Fifty Shades of Grey is an interesting and yet controversial book that presents the case of human sexuality in a way that most consider as shocking. Depending on how open-minded one is, this book can be either enlightening or rather too revealing. It is about a young woman who falls in love with a rather ‘different’ man who seems to have issues with his sexuality. The book narrates a number of scenes in which the two lovebirds are at conflict with the concept of gender roles in the realm of sex and relationships. As a work of fiction, the book allows numerous considerations with respect to what people want or at least what they think they want as far as their sex lives are concerned. There may be a number of books that present an insight into the sexuality debate, but none of them can claim to be as thorough as Fifty Shades of Grey in the way it covers the subject as its secondary theme. Initially, with all the negative reviews that the book was getting, it could have be en presumed that the book is all about sex. However, after reading the book, I realized there is more there than just sex. The author may have subconsciously decided to address the subject of sexuality and gender roles, along with power and its manifestations in one’s life. I had previously considered significance of one’s sexuality as a channel that revealed one’s personality, but I have also learnt from this book that there is a very limited scope for determinism in one’s sexuality. Christian Grey may have been ‘damaged’ as a teenager, but he ends up ‘loosening up’ a bit when he falls in love with Anastasia Steele. The significance of this is that sexuality is influenced in its formation and redefinition in one’s personality. In this paper, I have discussed how various chapters in the textbook correlate with facts and ideas from the book Fifty Shades of Grey. The Most Relevant Connection between the Book That I Chose and Our Course Learning about human sexuality is all about developing an understanding of how the concept of sexuality works. This entails examining human needs, thoughts, values, fantasies, desires, and responses within sexual contexts and with relevance to their life as a whole. It is all about understanding influences and consequences of sexuality from a physical, biological, and psychological context (Yarber, Sayad, Strong, 2012). The key factor here rests with uniqueness that each individual is considered to possess. As such, human sexuality as a course creates awareness of one’s individuality when it comes to understanding and acknowledging sexuality. In the book, Giddens and Sutton (2013) present a case of two people who were introduced to a new kind of sexuality with one having the strength to question it, while the other seems to have been willing to embrace it fully. The primary theme in this book is power or will. Christian Grey becomes engrossed in his BDSM lifestyle after being introduced to it by an older woman and at a younger age. He then introduces Anastasia Steele who at the time is much older than he had been when he was introduced. There are two ways of looking at this story. One may see Christian Grey as an abusive lover who uses his position of power and feelings that young Anastasia has for him to twist her and misuse her as a woman. The pain and pleasure combination that he is attracted to is not in any way acceptable from this viewpoint and can thus be construed as abusive and debasing for the woman in the picture. Another way of looking at this is as a context between two consenting adults. Anastasia Steele knows what she wants in a man and she is ready to get it except that it is not nearly half as painful as Christian is offering her. Throughout the story, there is an underlying battle of the sexes and those who believe in the inequality that is affirmative action will expect Anastasia to be the one conceding and fully embracing the BDSM lifestyle in order to be with Christian Grey. The truth is however not so simple. Women in this case are presented as stronger and more willful (Yarber et al., 2012). The author here allows a comparison between Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele with regards to their response to BDSM. Whatever reasons the Christian Grey may have had for adapting to the lifestyle and only changing his role from a submissive to a dominant, Anastasia does not seem to have similar intentions. She tries to be his submissive, but in the end she bails out and leaves him despite how much she thinks she loves him. This relationship in its entirety is about power and that Christian Grey holds all the aces from the start may not really mean that he is the only one with the strong will. After reading Fifty Shades of Grey, one may realize that sexuality and power are very much connected. This course is all about taking control of your sexuality, being able to determine what you want and what makes you uncomfortable, and understanding what a healthy relationship is all about. For most people, knowing what they want is perhaps the hardest part of being in a relationship. This book has helped me understand that while there may be room for making mistakes and learning from experience, knowing what you want implies that in the end you will make the right choice. In Fifty Shades of Grey, Anastasia Steele is able to make the right choice and leave when she feels uncomfortable. The Next Most Relevant Connection between the Book That I Chose and Our Course Contrary to a popular belief, gender roles and gender equality are secondary themes in this book. The author does not really dwell on gender roles and gender equality as much as she does on power and sexuality. This means that the reader is expected to understand that gender and equality are a part of their sexuality, but they are not really as significant as individuality and their ability to make their own choices. This is what makes gender equality and gender roles secondary themes in Fifty Shades of Grey. Gender roles are basically expectations placed on people by the society based on their gender or more specifically their sex. In most cases, women are expected to be nurturing, generally tender, and caring, while men are domineering and basically in control at all times (Yarber et al., 2012). The basic perception with the increasing cultural shift and consuming feminist mindset is that women can also be domineering and in control and that they actually enjoy this more than being submissive. This is however a rather misguided perception that is fully embedded in limited ideologies of ‘feminism’ that is devoid of femininity. Within Human Sexuality as a course, there is an emphasis on the need to embrace individuality over feminism and in her own rather ‘sick’ way E. L. James is able to bring this forth in a satirical way. Most people would argue that Fifty Shades of Grey is just a book about sex or power as I would put it. However, the kind of debate that this book starts in the readers’ mind or even that it did in the media soon after its release states otherwise. The big question here is whether under ordinary circumstances Anastasia Steele would have even contemplated getting into the relationship knowing that there were so many rules and so many dangers all in the name of Christian Grey’s sexual gratification. The ideal argument here would be that agreeing to submit to his perversions, she was actually taking control of her own sexuality. She found his demands rather outrageous, but she was willing to try them out and see if she actually enjoyed herself in the process. The preset concept of gender roles here would limit the young woman from even attempting to engage in Christian Grey’s lifestyle. She would be very restricted in her role as a woman and anything that seemingly w ent beyond the societal definition of a norm would strike her as unfathomable. Here, however, she is past these restrictions and, thus, she is able to try out new and ‘unthinkable’ things in search of her own sexual freedom. This book is not really about who gives in to whom, but rather who is able to understand their sexuality and thus take control of it. Anastasia Steele is portrayed as a strong woman with full understanding of her body and her needs and this explains why she ends up leaving an otherwise perfect ‘gentleman’ when she feels exceedingly violated. There is also some relevance to gender equality when learning about human sexuality. The top debate when looking at the themes in the Fifty Shades of Grey book includes superiority that Christian Grey seems to have over Anastasia Steele. It may be appreciated that right from the start the young woman is seemingly under his spell and, thus, he holds some unfair advantage over her. In the course of the book, however, it becomes clear that Anastasia Steele is also fully aware of her own needs and is thus trying to negotiate her spot in the relationship. She is able to cross so many of Christian Grey’s ‘lines’ in terms of making him do things that she wants instead of consistently ‘aiming to please’ him. Here, I learn that sexuality is mainly about what I am comfortable about as an individual. Both people in this story were trying to accommodate each other’s needs, while also being honest about what they wanted. Christian Grey, with all his twisted ideas on sex and satisfaction, was only able to ask for that kind of relationship because he felt confident in his position as a man. It is not because he felt like he deserved it, but rather because he was comfortable enough to ask that Anastasia was willing to try with him. Gender equality within this book and thence within the course on human sexuality is thus a concept that requires either party to be confident in their stating needs and asking to be sated provided they do not endanger one’s life (Yarber et al., 2012). It can be noted that Christian was at all times careful not to put Ana’s life at risk, physically or otherwise, as was Ana in terms of Christian’s feelings. The mutual concern that these two h ad for each other is a justifying leverage for their experiments in the relationship. The Science behind the Primary Themes in the Book That I Chose Sociology by Anthony Giddens and Philip Sutton presents the connection between sexuality and power very vividly. The authors here argue that, as a social construct, gender often affects one’s perception of their sexuality (Giddens Sutton, 2013). Most women are thus mould to become passive and rather submissive in the context of their sexuality, not to ask questions or examine their own needs and desires, but rather to do what they are ‘needed’ to do by their partners. In a patriarchal society, this is largely acceptable as a norm and it can be expected that feminists of this world would come up in arms if this expectation is to be spoken aloud. The greatest problem with feminism is the reductionist basis with which it approaches such sensitive matters (Giddens Sutton, 2013). If one looks at the women’s submissiveness from a modern day perspective with the media reviews on how many women read this text and actually enjoyed it, one may notice that the conce pt of letting the man take charge is rather pleasing to modern day women. The only appealing and rather erotic factor in this book is the way Christian Grey commits himself and is willing to take care of Anastasia Steele for as long as she is ‘his’. Power here has two definitions. Christian Grey is powerful because, as the dominant in the BDSM context, he holds all the aces and thus controls the direction of the relationship. Anastasia Steele is however also powerful here because she is able to break the rules every now and then to get Christian Grey to go out of his way, do things that he never considered himself capable of doing, and to generally love her enough to want to change his intensity as a masochist of some sort. The authors of this study argue about sexuality and power from the viewpoint of feminism and their many disparities in terms of how they perceive sex (Giddens Sutton, 2013). Feminists mostly focus on the exclusion of women from positions of wealth and power, but they fail to recognize that a woman’s sexuality could also be a point of exclusion. When people were busy criticizing E. L. James for writing a book in which a woman submits to a man, real feminists should have been busy lauding her for breaking the stereotype idea and allowing the woman to just let go and be loved. The truth here is that while the man feels powerful when he is in control, the woman is likely to feel mo re powerful when she lets go of that control and is able to trust someone else to take the lead. This is probably because of the feminist waves that got women so bent on taking the reins that they forgot how to actually sit back and relax. Social Psychology and Human Sexuality: Essential Readings by Roy F. Baumeister argues that the need for a man to feel more powerful than a woman may drive them to get physically violent during a sexual intercourse (Baumeister, 2001). This means that they find their sexuality to be a tool with which they can validate their position as men in a society that may have otherwise ripped them off other masculinity. It may be appreciated that men who use physical force in sexual relations are usually deprived in one way or another. Either they were abused as children or they watched someone that they loved being abused, or they are simply living with some form of deficiency or inadequacy (Baumeister, 2001). In this book, I have learnt that circumstances that one is exposed to at a young age may have an impact on sexuality, but if one intends to change, one will find a reason to do so. Christian Grey is in this story able to let go of some of his demands on Anastasia Steele because he considers her as a reason to change, albeit gradually. The fact that he is only able to feel powerful and in control when she is his submissive implies that he at some point had no control over his life. It can also be noted that perhaps the sub/dom situation is therapeutic as a channel for him to release his control issues as opposed to being violent in his interactions with physically or psychologically weaker people. The holding argument here is that one’s sexuality is a great channel for their power needs in terms of their personality. For Anastasia, the power was in trusting Christian despite her trust issues, while for Grey being Ana’s ‘dom’ was enough to keep him sane. Conclusion and My Thoughts and Feelings about the Book When I first read about Fifty Shades of Grey, I imagined that the book was simply a twisted shocker that was not only boring, but also too graphic for anyone’s liking. With some knowledge in sex education, however, I was able to read the book and actually enjoy it. The writing, as often stated in reviews, is rather amateur, but the content is simply enlightening. At first, I was unsure about Anastasia Steele as the protagonist since she seemed so engrossed in the Christian Grey’s world. Nevertheless, as she got to know him and started questioning his actions and desires, she suddenly became very interesting. Initially, I would have considered her a clichà © for falling in love with a rich and powerful man at the first sight. With my understanding of sexuality and its manifestations of one’s personality, I think I can forgive this young woman for wanting what she wanted and respect her for her efforts in trying to remain on the right path. In the end, she leaves the relationship, being hurt, but not broken, considering that she does not end up becoming like Christian Grey. With my understanding of human sexuality, I was also able to read the book and find that it was more about power and gender roles than it was about sex. While the author uses the characters’ sexuality to explore these themes, she is simply trying to express the concept of ‘Fifty Shades of Fucked Up’ as used to describe Christian Grey in the book. Having read the book and studied this course, I believe that all the choices that an individual makes with regards to their sexuality are their own. Determinists may argue against this by stating that Christian Grey was a BDSM enthusiast because of his exposure to the lifestyle at a young age. It can however be noted that, despite numerous years of experience and practice, he is willing and able to let go of all the factors in his lifestyle that make his woman uncomfortable. While he is seen trying to get her to appreciate these pleasures as he does, he is also very sensitive to her situation as a ‘norm’ who is not likely to enjoy processes that take place in the ‘Red Room of Pain’. This book has gotten me thinking of feminism in a new light. Rather than focusing on what women are restricted from doing and experiencing within their respective societies, it may be beneficial to consider things that women are actually allowed or even expected to do and, yet, t hey do not. In this case, I believe Anastasia Steele was expected to refuse Christian Grey’s proposal of the BDSM situation and the fact that she actually allows herself to try it out, if anything to satisfy her own curiosity, is a triumph. Unlike ‘feminists’ out there who contend that the book is demeaning and that it teaches women that being submissive is the right thing to do within a sexual relationship, I believe that this book teaches women to make their own mistakes and learn from them. To me, this is what power is all about: finding what you are comfortable with and embracing it, while discarding whatever you do not enjoy. After all, sexuality is all about personal needs, wants, and expectations with some consideration for the other party as well.

Quick Guide to Command-Line Arguments in Ruby

Quick Guide to Command-Line Arguments in Ruby Many Ruby scripts have no text or graphical interfaces. They simply run, do their job and then exit. To communicate with these scripts in order to change their behavior, command-line arguments must be used. The command line is the standard mode of operation for UNIX commands, and since Ruby is used widely on UNIX and UNIX-like systems (such as Linux and macOS), its pretty standard to encounter this type of program. How to Provide Command-Line Arguments Ruby script arguments are passed to the Ruby program by the shell, the program that  accepts commands (such as bash) on the terminal. On the command-line, any text following the name of the script is considered a command-line argument. Separated by spaces, each word or string will be passed as a separate argument to the Ruby program.   The following example shows the proper syntax to use to launch the test.rb Ruby script from a command-line with the arguments test1 and test2. $ ./test.rb test1 test2 You may encounter a situation in which you need to pass an argument to a Ruby program but theres a space in the command. It seems impossible at first since the shell separates arguments on spaces, but there is a provision for this. Any arguments in double quotes will not be separated. The double quotes are removed by the shell before passing it to the Ruby program. The following example passes a single argument to the test.rb Ruby script, test1 test2: $ ./test.rb test1 test2 How to Use Command-Line Arguments In your Ruby programs, you can access any command-line arguments passed by the shell with the ARGV special variable. ARGV is an Array variable which holds, as strings, each argument passed by the shell. This program iterates over the ARGV array and prints out its contents: #!/usr/bin/env ruby ARGV.each do|a|   Ã‚  puts Argument: #{a} end The following is an excerpt of a bash session launching this script (saved as the file test.rb) with a variety of arguments: $ ./test.rb test1 test2 three four Argument: test1 Argument: test2 Argument: three four

Court Observation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Court Observation Report - Essay Example The witness called the police reporting the incident. Police Dispatch alerted to patrolling cars around the area to the incident. The responding police officers noticed the defendant driving recklessly and notified him of their presence. They instructed the defendant to step out of the vehicle and the defendant accelerated. He attempted to get away but was soon apprehended. The arresting police officer did not instruct the defendant to take part in any legal field sobriety test. The defendant was reluctant to use the Alco-blow device as they were not sure how recently it had been cleaned or where it had last been. The defendant faces two charges; According to Washington State DUI laws, any individual receiving a driver’s license within the state has implied consent to chemical test in the event they are arrested under the suspicion of driving under the influence. The defendant blatantly ignored requests from the arresting officer to use the alcohol Breathalyzer. The client is clearly in violation of RCW 46.20.308. The police engaged in an active pursuit with the defendant after they had spotted him. The police engage pursuit without clearly determining whether the defendant was indeed driving in a wreck less or negligent manner. For this reason, the client was never charged for reckless and negligent driving as required under RCW 46.61.500. The defendant is clearly in violation of by attempting to elude the police when they had given a clear signal of their presence and their intention. The defendant did not heed to request made by the arresting police officer to stop, and instead instigated a car chase with the arresting officers. Under provisions of sections RCW 46.61.502Â  and RCW 46.61.504, the defendant was subjected to a chemical and breath test. The defendant’s alcohol levels were found to be 0.08. The defendant was never under the influence of alcohol. In conclusion, the responding or

Promotional and Advertising Strategies Assignment

Promotional and Advertising Strategies - Assignment Example In this volatile market it is necessary for each of these companies to come up with unique marketing strategies, these strategies play a vital role in brand building and differentiating one company from its competitors. The paper discusses the major marketing, pricing, and consumer oriented promotional strategies for the two most aggressive players in the television market: Samsung and LG. (Briel, 2014) It is observed that both LG and Samsung have effectively utilized all the 4P’s of marketing mix. Both the players are almost running head to head in the television market with Samsung being a little ahead of LG. However, according to Korean Times LG has recorded higher sales of its products especially television sets in the Indian market as compared to Samsung. This is due to two very different marketing approaches used by each of these companies. Indian market is largely dominated by rural areas, among the total population of 1.1 billion people, 200 million people live in deserted, rural areas which means they are naturally poor and cannot afford very expensive television sets. In such situation Samsung decided to target the elite sector of the market, mainly due to two reasons. Firstly, it realizes that India is one of the emerging markets around the world and selling its product at a premium rate would increase its probability of succeeding in such a market. Secondly, sell ing the products at a premium rate is always good for a brand in the long term to establish itself as the global premium brand. In the other hand LG, another Korean giant company, has clearly adopted the market penetration strategy in Indian market. LG sells its television sets comparatively at a lower price to provide an access to the richer segments as well as to those with lower income. Like Samsung, LG imports premium products from Korea but increasingly

Multi Store Model And Levels Of Processing Psychology Essay

Multi Store Model And Levels Of Processing Psychology Essay During this assignment the memory models that will be compared are Attkinson and Shiffrins (1970) multi- store model and Craik and Lockharts (1972) Levels of processing. We will not only be comparing the memory models but also evaluating and looking at the opposing studies. The case studies and theorists that are looked at develop very supportive and detailed views although not all studies will be necessarily correct or wrong. Through out this assignment the research and studies are based on studies from Milner (1970), Atkinson and Shiffrins Multi- store model (1970), Craik and Lockharts (1972), Craik and Tulvings (1975) and Morrison (1985). Although the studies and theories are based on research that was completed and evaluated over 40 years a go we can look and see how it has affected us through every day life. The case study, HM Milner (1970) supports the views that there is more than one store for memory. HM suffered brain damage due to surgery. After the surgery, HM was left with normal short term memory and only few memories from before the operation (which he had in order to stop seizures). HM was now unable to create new long term memories, which suggests that short term memory is separate too long term memory and is not one store. This shows that HM was unable to encode and transfer information, from short term memory to long term memory.This provides support for the multi- store model. Craik and Lockhart (1972) were not in full agreement for the multi- store model. Craik and Lockhart had a theory that the levels of processing were more complex and depended on how the information was given to how we would recall information back at later dates and times. They believed it wasnt just how many times it was repeated and rehearsed but how the information is being given as there are many levels of processing:  · Shallow/structural level visual/ how something looks  · Intermediate/ phonetic level- the sound or way something is said  · Deep/ semantic the meaning or the connection to the subject (AQA Psychology B; Nelson Thornes; page 172) The reconstructive model was to also prove our long term memory and short-term memory were not separate stores. This model also provides support for levels of processing theory (Bartlett 1932). Milners (1970) case study supports the Multi- store Model because they found that there are three overall stores (Sensory store, Long term memory and Short- term memory) which also needed the processes and stages of memory (encoding, storage and retrieval). The memory stores and processes of memory, together make Attkinson and Shiffrins (1970) multi- store model very useful and supportive. Craik and Tulvings (1975) study also supports the theory of levels of processing. They found that there are three different types of encoding (semantic, acoustic and visual) which showed us after the study took place, that semantic encoding which is a deeper thinking process, was a more useful and effective way of remembering information. As the experiment was conducted, there were three basic rules;  · Participants were shown 60 words  · One at a time  · They all had one word at each level (semantic, visual and acoustic) All of the words had to fit in to a sentence; be of upper or lower case or Asked if they rhymed. After the experiment a list was given to the participants with all 60 words, plus an additional 120. The participants were asked to recognise the original words. This experiment was to prove how rehearsal was more important that Attkinson and Shiffrins (1970) simplistic multi- store model actually was. (AQA Psychology B; Nelson Thornes; page 174). Although both of these studies oppose against each other, they both have three stages and show different ways to recall information for long term memory and short term memory in different detail. Morrison (1985) created a study, making up false football results to a handful of people, to see how participants with and without interest would remember and recall information correctly. The study found that people with interest recalled the most results correctly even though they were false. These results contradicted the multi- store model. Tyler (1979) also created a study that opposed against the levels of processing theory. The study showed us that the recall on harder words was higher than the recall on easier words (essential AS Psychology; Richard Geoff and Geoff Rolls; AS Module 1; page 9-12) Attkinson and Shiffrin (1971) Multi- store model suggests the capacity, duration and encoding are the key points to the short term memory and long term memory, where as the reconstructive model and levels of processing (Craik and Lockhart 1972) believe it is not just how deeply processed and relevant the word(s) are. The rehearsal is crucial for the transformation of information from short-term memory to long term memory, where as the reconstructive model shows us semantic (rhyming words/questions) and shallow processing (case questions/answers) arte how we store information based on short term memory and long term memory is one store, unlike levels of processing suggests. Our long term and short term and short term memory is used every day without realising it. It affects the quality and how we behave for every human and animal. Elizabeth Loftus 1974) constructed an experiment to see how reliable an eyewitness testimony actually was. A video was shown to a bunch of participants, of a car accident. After viewing the video half were asked what they saw, using the word smashed, Whilst the other half had the word hit in the sentence. They were also asked to write down the speed of the car in their opinion. More people with the word smashed in the sentence, said they saw broken glass. There was also an average speed of 41 miles per hour when smashed was used the other half estimated an average of 34 miles per hour when hearing the word hit. Ley (1978) also experimented how reliable remembrance was, by conducting a study on visiting the doctors. 10 per cent of doctors patients remembered what was said after he wrote a booklet for doctors on how to give advice. As the first result showed only patients with medical background remembered over half, where as patients without did not remember as much. (Discovering Psychology; Barbra Woods; page 120-121) All of these studies have affected the way in which questionnaires and eye witness testimonies are now conducted. There are many factors that can affect on how we remember information and our environmental situation can also affect our recall. This could also be proven to be a flashbulb memory. This is when an individual remembers an incident or memo9ry when it relates to something i.e. millennium, new year (December 1999- January 2000) you will remember certain things about that particular moment (where you were? What you wore? Who you were with?) There are many things that contradict levels of processing and the multi- store memory. There are a lot of reliable studies to prove memory models and theories but there are some things that can not actually prove how deep we process information or how much we can process over many years. Block and organisation helps us to process and retain information easier although effort is needed. Distinctiveness makes the information unique. Along with elaboration which allows us to expand information. (Essential AS Psychology; Richard Gross and Geoff Rolls; AS Module 1; Page 13) We cannot also prove why rehearsal is sometimes not needed, it is also described as a two-way flow of information i.e. Morris (1985) the multi- store model is also seen as to simplistic as it doesnt always transfer to long term memory from short term memory, even after rehearsal. In conclusion throughout this comparison of models we have compared analysed and researched different studies. All studies put forward strong and supportive evidence for each, even though most oppose against each other. The multi- store model and the levels of processing studies both have positive outcomes. They have both helped us to realise we cannot rely on eyewitness testimonies and have helped people on giving advise that is comprehensible and understandable. So to conclude, this assignment shows us how different studies can be correct but are not necessarily wrong. All of the studies need to be researched more today to be able to carry on in supporting all views as the memory models will continue to be compared. AQA Psychology B: Nelson Thornes; 1988 PSYCHOLOGY for AS LEVEL; Michael W. EYSENCK and CARA FLANAGAN 2000 ESSENTIAL AS Psychology; Richard Gross and Geoff Rolls Discovering psychology; BARBRA WOODS

Impact of Human Activities on Natural Hazards Essay

Natural hazards are naturally occurring phenomena that have disastrous impact on humanity. These phenomena had been in existence even before the advent of humanity. The hazardous dimension of these natural phenomena are in the context of the impact that such a phenomenon would have on human population in the area affected by that phenomenon. In this essay, the effect that human activity has on these natural hazards would be analyzed. Some human activities may be exacerbating the factors that cause the natural hazard, like the impact of excessive and unplanned logging on floods and droughts. In certain other cases the human activities may cause subsequent or supplementary hazards to a primary hazard event, like building dams in earthquake prone zones may lead to flash floods and landslides in the event of a rupture. A hazard can be defined as an event that has the potential to cause harm. This potential may be on account of its unexpected timing of occurrence or the actual intensity of the event itself. Human societies can withstand these events within a normal scale of occurrence. However, human societies become vulnerable when these events occur unexpectedly or are of an intensity or duration that falls beyond that normal scale (O’Hare and Rivas, 2005). Natural hazards can be broadly classified under the heads of geological, hydrological, climatic and diseases. This essay would limit its scope to analyzing causal relationships, if any, of human activities on landslides, floods and drought and the secondary hazards triggered by those activities in the event of an earthquake. Of all human activities that have a direct or indirect impact on natural hazards, deforestation is by far the most significant. Deforestation is the removal or destruction of forest cover of an area. It may occur due to unscientific logging practices without regeneration and may be accompanied by subsequent conversion to non-forest usage like agriculture, pasture, urban, mining or industrial development, fallow or wetland. At a very broad level, it has been argued that deforestation is a major cause of global climatic changes. It has been predicted that removal of forest cover will lead to violent and unpredictable environmental fluctuations. At a smaller landscape, deforestation has a direct bearing upon the climatic, hydrological, edaphic and biological aspects of that area. Deforestation is associated with higher levels of soil erosion and landslides, sedimentation in river beds and changes in fluvial geomorphology (Haigh, 1984). Quite a few of these effects of deforestation have a direct bearing on the natural hazards that will be covered in this essay. One of the major functions of a forest is to maintain the humidity level in the atmosphere. Trees withdraw groundwater through their roots and transpire the excess water through their leaves. Forests return a major part of the rainfall received by them through evapotranspiration. Annual evapotranspiration in tropical moist lowland forests ranges up to 1500 mm per year, with transpiration accounting for a maximum of 1045 mm per year (Bruijnzeel, 1990). This process of evapotranspiration in the leaves of trees takes the latent heat of evaporation from the surrounding atmosphere. Thus evapotranspiration has a cooling effect on the atmosphere that aids precipitation. Deforestation denies the atmosphere of this cooling effect and is thus a contributing factor to lowering of annual rainfall in an area. Further, the effects of deforestation generally compound the severity of drought. Lack of trees translates to the lack of root fibers that hold the topsoil. In the event of a drought, the topsoil flakes and gets blown by the wind, leading to severe dust storms. This phenomenon had devastated the American Great Plains for close to a decade in 1930s. The dust bowl covered farming areas in Colorado, Kansas, north west Oklahoma, north Texas and north east New Mexico. The fertile soil of the plains was exposed due to lack of vegetation cover and actions of the plow. These farming techniques that led to severe soil erosion, coupled with prolonged periods of extremely low rainfall, led to a series of severe dust storms that ranged up to the Atlantic coast. Much of the fertile topsoil was lost in the Atlantic (Cartensen et al. , 1999). Direct causal relationship between human activity and drought is yet to be conclusively established. However, there are studies available that point to a positive correlation between the two. For example, climate-modeling studies have indicated that the 20th century Sahel drought was caused by changing sea surface temperatures. These changes were due to a combination of natural variability and human induced atmospheric changes. The anthropogenic factors in this case were rise in greenhouse gas levels and aerosols (GFDL Climate Modeling Research Highlights, 2007). The effect of human activities like deforestation is rather more direct and pronounced in case of hydrological hazards like fluvial floods. Fluvial floods occur when the discharge of a river exceeds its bankfull capacity. Forests create deep, open textured soils that can hold large quantities of water. When the forest cover is removed through logging, the soil becomes compacted. More rainwater is converted to runoff or near surface flow and less proportion percolates as groundwater. Research has shown significant increase in monthly runoff following logging activities (Rahim and Harding, 1993). The runoff rainwater carries with it considerable amounts of loose soil particles. Removal of vegetation cover through excessive logging activities or overgrazing leaves the soil bare. In such a situation, the upper layer of the soils becomes susceptible to erosion by surface runoff. These suspended soil particles are deposited on the riverbeds. The effect of this type of soil erosion by surface runoff is even more pronounced when the deforestation happens in the riparian zones as well.

Holden’s Basketball Experience The Absolutely True Diary...

Basketball helps Arnold find out what kind of person he can be. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian book is trying to show you how one thing in someone’s life can help them to become a nicer and smarter person. The book as is about how one person, Arnold can be two people at once. Arnold is a part time Indian beacuse he is in Idian and he thinks that he is poor beacuse of it. Arnold is also a white person in his heart beacuse he feels like he connects with them when he plays basketball. Trying out for the basketball team thought Arnold how to make a good friendship. At first him and Rowdy were very mean to each other when Arnold first tired out for the basketball team. By the end of the book Rowdy and Arnold are equal in basketball and Arnold feels like he is a white person with Rowdy and doesn’t feel excluded. Becoming a stronger person Arnolds coach said â€Å"Nervous means you want to play. Scared means you dont want to play.† Arnold learns how to deal with his fears when he played basketball and it helped him in life. face his fears In chapter 20, Arnold tries out for the basketball team at his school. He tells himself that he is not going to get on varsity or junior varsity. Arnolds dad said that Arnold needs to dream big (20.15). Arnolds dad tells him about the story how his mom was 13 and he was five. On the first practice the coach told the team that sixteen of them are going to be cut because of the budget cuts. This shows you how poor the

`` Maus `` By Art Speigelman And Film, The Best Years Of...

War can be seen from different perspectives but can also be defined as a battle against an opponent. War also impacts people differently based on the events taking place. Traumas from being a victim or perpetuator can affect the individuals’ involved emotionally, mentally and physically. Hence, the conflicts can alter life drastically. When we look at the battle, we tend to disregard the effect of the perpetrator also known as the soldier who fought in the war and the victims who experienced the tragedy as bystanders, instead the focus is more on the mass destruction of bombings in communities. In the book â€Å"Maus† by Art Speigelman and film â€Å"The Best Years of Our Life† by William Wyler, the narrator takes us into a world of war where the behavioral changes in the victims is brought up as a result of the war that takes place. The novel and film display’s another point view which allows the viewers to see the true experience that individuals go thr ough instead of just physical attacks on the environment during war. During the holocaust as viewers we only observe Hitler and his attacks on the Jews. But fail to take into consideration the effect of the individuals involved. Throughout the book Maus by Art Spiegelman, the author describes situations where people were brutally killed, people were separated from their families and sent into gas chambers to be killed. Multiple people suffered but those who survived the holocaust had a harsh time fitting into the normal way of